Alternative History of the American Presidency (Part 2)
Last time, I posed the question, how would American history have changed if Lincoln survived his assassination? Many theories have been proposed and mine is simply one among many, and not necessarily profound. But my interest is not just in what Lincoln’s second term might have looked like, but how if Lincoln had a second term, how might the political and policy decisions made during that term (by himself and others) altered the course of American history. And that question will guide the direction where this post and the ones related to it will go.
Sunday, April 15, 1865, 6:37 am
President Lincoln awakes from an all night coma as a result of the bullet wound he received the preceding night at Ford’s Theater. While seriously weakened from severe blood loss, the president is obviously coherent and aware of his surroundings. In response to Lincoln waking, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton who had kept vigil over the president with several doctors and army officers declares, “Thank God you are awake, Mr. President. We thought we had lost you to the ages.” To which the president replied, “The ages may want me, but the nation still needs me, and you all in the government are still stuck with me.”
His remarks were received with a controlled laughter from all who were present. With the president’s wit still intact, the doctors concluded the president had survived the terrible ordeal with no lasting damage to his skull or brain.
That Sunday afternoon, in an open carriage ride, Lincoln returns to the White House with a bandaged head, but looking vibrant and alive. He is greeted with cheers all along the way. Over the coming months, his political and personal popularity soar, and some consider him to be as popular as George Washington. Several days later, in a speech, the president will declare that he believes providence preserved his life so that he could bring unity to the republic which had suffered in bloodshed for too long. As a result, his initial Reconstruction policies towards the Southern states are very lenient as he seeks for a “charitable recovery towards all parts of the Republic.” While some of the Radical Republicans grumble over this rhetoric, few are willing to challenge the president openly given his rising popularity.
June 15, 1865-In an act that surprises most Republicans, but is praised by General Grant, President Lincoln issues a full pardon to Confederate President Jefferson Davis who had been captured by Federal troops on May 10, 1865. Lincoln is quick to note that he views Davis as guilty of rebellion against the Federal government, but declares that the nation must seek to for reconciliation towards the South whom he refers to as “our defeated countrymen.”
January, 1866-The ‘Baltimore Conference’ lasts for three days as both President Lincoln and Secretary of State William Seward meet with Alexander Stephens, Robert E. Lee, and several other prominent Southern leaders to find ways to help promote reconciliation between the two regions. Jefferson Davis is notably absent from the meetings, though they are generally hailed as profitable and will help set the President’s agenda over the next year. This conference angers the Radicals in Congress and marks the start of Lincoln’s decline in popularity.
February-April, 1867-The Impeachment and Trial of President Abraham Lincoln by the Radical Republicans in Congress. The Senate will acquit the president by one vote, and some will view him as a victim. Lincoln leaves the presidency a disgraced man, and will live in seclusion in Illinois until 1887. As a result of the impeachment, trial and public humiliation, his wife, Mary, will suffer a nervous breakdown in July, 1867. She will remain hospitalized in a mental asylum until her death in 1873. The Radical Republicans suffer a huge loss in political credibility since they tried to impeach their own president. After the trial ends, Vice President Andrew Johnson rejoins the Democratic Party.
Next Time: The Presidential election of 1868 and the 14th amendment to the Constitution.