‘Holy War! The Rise & Fall of the American Theocracy, 2039-2079’ (Part 6)

By Nathaniel Lane Stewart, M. A.

The Unique Phenomenon of the American Theocratic Republic (Part 5)

(Note: This post marks Part 6 of the introductory essay of an historical narrative, supposedly published in A. D. 2195, almost 200 years from now, on the history of the American Theocracy.  This post will continue the presentation of the second of the three ‘necessary presuppositions’ which Professor Stewart maintains are essential to understand both the rise and fall of the American Theocratic Republic.  God willing, this essay should be completed in three more posts: the next one will complete the examination of the second presupposition, the following post will examine the third presupposition and the last one offer a few a closing remarks.  The posts to follow those coming three parts on the ‘history’ of the American theocracy will provide an outline of the book and of key dates and events in the history of 21st century America. SMC)

The three distinct ages (or phases, if you will) of Modernity express well how Modernity was shaped by Christianity even as it rejected its basic principles:

1. The Age of Early Modernity (1650-1800)

2. The Age of High Modernity (German Higher Critical Thought) (1800-1900)

3. The Age of Late Modernity (or the Age of Dialectic Materialism, or the age of Secular Modernity) (1900-1950)

It is beyond the scope of this essay to expound the definition and influence of each age upon the course of human history (14).  However, such a effort on our part is not necessary for our point.  However, we cite these ages to offer to two sweeping observations regarding the ideological roots that contributed to the rise of the Theocratic government in the twenty-first century:

One, contrary to the claims of its apologists that it was proactive in its declarations,  Modernity was in reality a reactive movement towards the Christian Faith.  The rise of Modernity is directly linked to the century of religious warfare in Europe that was a result of the Protestant Schism in the 1500’s.  By 1650, it was clear that Protestantism and Catholicism must exist side by side as competing manifestations of the Christian Faith.  Thus, the rise of Modernity might best be expressed as intellectual men seeking a middle way for mankind to still experience the spiritual unity of the human race, but WITHOUT institutional religion or an organized church defining that unity of experience and perspective.  And these three ages express Modernity’s efforts to reunite Man after a century of religious warfare.

This note leads us to our second observation: The course and failure of Modernity to unite mankind WITHOUT institutional Religion.  And let us note the defining principles that illustrate the course and failure of Modernity in this quest:

 1. Early Modernity (1650-1800): Unlike its successors, Early Modernity was not a purely secular movement, but desired to find a non-sectarian, though a truly religious and a truly universal creed for all men, based upon either human reason or human observation.  Early Modernity was best expressed in movements such as Deism, Empiricism, Cartesian rationalism and Scottish Common Sense Realism.  The quest of these movements was effectively killed by the skepticism of the Scotsman, David Hume in the mid-eighteenth century.  The task would fall to the German scholar, Immanuel Kant, to restore Western man’s quest for a new religion that unified mankind in both a spiritual and institutional manner.  That new quest was opened up with Kant’s ‘Fourth Category’ regarding Man’s knowledge in which he separated faith from reason entirely, excluding all matters of faith, religion and the church to realm of the mystical and therefore freeing all rational pursuits from a religious viewpoint.  This premise opened the door to many radical intellectual developments over the nineteenth century and leads us to the age of High Modernity, often referred to the Age of German Modernity (1800-1900)

 2. German Modernity (1800-1900): Religion was not reasonable, and therefore, all intellectual exercise must be pursued without the influence of religion.  It was the German Modern who claimed that Religion and Reason, or Faith and Knowledge, were two distinct spheres which were separated by an impassable gulf, but man existed simultaneously in both.  Ergo, he must learn to segment his life into two distinct spheres-the mystical realm of religion, and the intellectual realm of reality (which religion could not to affect.)  This position effectively created what the Humanist of the sixteenth and seventeenth century was not able to create-a world where a global religion was not tied to faith or the supernatural realm, but to pure reason and human experience.  The Creed of the High Modern, the German Modern, was science, and progress, being centered entirely upon Man separated from both God and the church.  And by the end of the nineteenth century, the great apologists of Modernity were prophesying that finally in the twentieth century, this great quest a truly Humanist religion and creed, divorced of God and the church would finally and inevitably arrive in the world, creating the utopia that mankind had yearned after for centuries.

We now come to the third era of Modernity:

3. The Age of Late Modernity or dialectic Modernity (1900-1950)

This age was the shortest of the eras seeing as it offered the greatest claims of all three ages, and was viewed in its day as the fruit or climax of all that mankind had been pursuing for the last several centuries.  At the beginning of the twentieth century, the promises of the Dialectic Revolutions of Communism and Socialism, the progress of science and technology, and the great power amassed by the empires of the Europe seemed to indicate the Modern must now finally succeed in his quest.  But by A. D. 1950, the Modern world had created two massive global wars that felled ancient monarchies, overthrow centuries-old social orders, and created the birth of the most terrible form of warfare known to man-the age of the atomic bomb, which then ushered in the great ‘Cold War’ of the latter twentieth century.  And even as these catastrophes exploded around the globe, the dialectic revolutions declared as inevitable facts of science and history failed to materialize.  Thus, by the late twentieth century, Modernity’s hopes were crushed and it dreams, claims and hopes were waning quickly.  It was in this world that the Post-Modern Critic attacked the folly of Modernism.  And then, at the dawn of the third millennium, the rise of religious warfare killed what was left of the old Modern ideal.   The first forty years of the twenty-first century witnessed the Death of the Modern, the rise of the Post-Modern Critic, the explosion of Religious warfare on a global level and the spread of localism and tribalism-all of which created the convergence of ideas which led to the forces that gave birth to the ideal of the American Theocracy of the 2060’s and 2070’s.

And what did that convergence look like in the history of the world?

 To be continued. . . 

(14). For a useful survey of the ages of Modernity, see Religion Without Deity: The Progression of the Modern, 1650-1950, by E. Willard Mencken, Published in A. D. 2041, by the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.